UUÂãÁÄÖ±²¥

View the related practice notes about Carriage of goods

Carriage of goods by air

This Practice Note provides a summary of the common law and conventions governing international carriage by air. It explains the liability of the carrier and measure of damages under the common law and the conventions. The Warsaw Convention and Montreal Convention (and the various versions of each) are explained, an explanation of how to work out which convention applies is provided and limitation of liability, jurisdiction and time bars under the conventions are also discussed. The Practice Note also provides an introduction to cargo documentation requirements and liability for loss, damage or delay to cargo.Carriers of goods by air may be liable under:•common law•international conventions•EU regulationsThis Practice Note provides an introduction to a large and complex topic that is dealt with in detail in Shawcross & Beaumont: Air Law. The focus on this Practice Note is on the common law and to a greater extent, to the conventions governing international carriage by air.Common lawAt common law, a carrier may be liable:•on the basis of express or implied terms in the...

Carriage of goods by rail

This Practice Note provides a summary of the law relating to the carriage of goods by rail as provided for in the Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail (CIM). It explains the scope of application of CIM, the contract of carriage under CIM, how liability is apportioned under CIM, time bars and jurisdiction. See: Uniform rules concerning the contract for international carriage of goods by rail (CIM): Encyclopaedia of Forms and Precedents [43].International carriage by rail is governed by the Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail (CIM) (the Rules). The Rules are enacted under the auspices of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF), which is given the force of law in the United Kingdom by the Railways (Convention on International Carriage by Rail) Regulations 2005, SI 2005/2092.Scope of applicationUnder article 1, the Rules apply:•to carriage for reward (and not gratuitous carriage)•to every contract for the carriage of goods by rail where◦the taking over of the goods...